TAS2R38 rs10246939: Understanding Your Bitter Taste Genetics
The rs10246939 variant is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism located within the TAS2R38 gene. It is primarily associated with individual differences in the perception of bitter-tasting compounds and has been studied for its potential links to dietary habits and glucose metabolism.
What each genotype means
Bitter taste sensitive
You carry two copies of the 'tasting' allele, which is associated with a heightened ability to perceive bitter compounds like PTC and PROP. This genotype is part of the functional PAV haplotype, which may influence your food preferences and dietary intake of certain bitter-tasting vegetables or beverages.
This genotype is common in many global populations, though frequencies vary significantly by ancestry.
Bitter taste sensitive
You carry one copy of the 'tasting' allele, which is dominant, meaning you are likely able to perceive bitter compounds like PTC and PROP. Because you possess at least one C allele, your taste sensitivity profile is generally similar to those who are homozygous for the tasting variant.
This heterozygous genotype is frequently observed across diverse populations worldwide.
Reduced bitter taste sensitivity
You carry two copies of the 'non-tasting' allele, which is associated with a reduced ability to perceive the bitterness of compounds like PTC and PROP. This genotype is linked to the non-functional AVI haplotype, which may result in different food preferences compared to those with the tasting variant.
This genotype is found in a significant portion of the population, with prevalence rates differing by ethnic and geographic background.
What is rs10246939?
The rs10246939 variant is a specific genetic change located on chromosome 7 within the TAS2R38 gene. In genetic terms, it is a missense mutation where a thymine (T) is replaced by a cytosine (C), resulting in an amino acid substitution of isoleucine to valine at position 296 of the protein. This SNP is one of three primary variants—along with rs713598 and rs1726866—that define the major haplotypes of the TAS2R38 receptor. Because these three variants are in strong linkage disequilibrium, they are often inherited together as a block. This means that an individual's status at rs10246939 is highly predictive of their status at the other two sites, collectively determining the functional sensitivity of the bitter taste receptor.
The Role of the TAS2R38 Gene
The TAS2R38 gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor found on the surface of taste receptor cells on the tongue. This receptor is specifically tuned to detect certain bitter-tasting compounds, most notably phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). Beyond the tongue, recent research has identified TAS2R38 expression in other tissues, including the gut. In the intestines, this receptor is thought to play a role in sensing chemical stimuli and potentially modulating the secretion of hormones like glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is involved in glucose homeostasis. While the primary function of the gene is sensory, its presence in metabolic tissues has opened new avenues of research into how our ability to taste bitterness might indirectly influence our internal metabolic processes.
Research and Associations
The evidence linking TAS2R38 variants to bitter taste perception is robust and well-established in scientific literature. Individuals carrying specific combinations of these variants are often categorized as 'tasters' or 'non-tasters' of PTC and PROP. The association between these genotypes and taste sensitivity is considered strong. More recently, researchers have investigated whether these same variants correlate with dietary intake or metabolic markers. Some studies suggest that individuals with higher receptor sensitivity may have different preferences for bitter vegetables or overall energy intake. Furthermore, emerging research explores whether these variants are associated with postprandial glucose levels. However, it is important to note that while these associations are statistically significant in large cohorts, the effect sizes are often modest, and environmental factors play a substantial role in both taste preference and metabolic health.
Population Frequency
The distribution of TAS2R38 variants varies significantly across global populations. The two primary haplotypes, often referred to as the 'taster' (PAV) and 'non-taster' (AVI) forms, exist at different frequencies depending on ancestry. For instance, the AVI haplotype is generally less common in African populations compared to European populations, where it is quite prevalent. Because rs10246939 is part of these linked haplotypes, its frequency follows these broader patterns of genetic diversity. There is no single 'normal' frequency, as the variation is a classic example of balanced polymorphism, where different versions of the gene have been maintained in the human population over evolutionary time.
What This Information Means for You
Understanding your genotype at rs10246939 provides insight into your biological predisposition for bitter taste sensitivity. It can explain why certain foods, such as cruciferous vegetables or bitter beverages, might taste significantly more intense to you than to others. However, this genetic information is not a diagnostic tool. It cannot predict your overall health, nor should it be used to make medical decisions or dietary restrictions. If you are concerned about your metabolic health, blood glucose levels, or nutritional intake, it is essential to consult with a registered dietitian or a healthcare provider. They can help you interpret your health goals in the context of your lifestyle and clinical history, rather than relying on a single genetic variant.
How common is this variant?
The frequency of TAS2R38 variants is highly variable across global populations, with the 'non-taster' AVI haplotype being particularly common in European populations compared to African populations.
Frequently asked questions
Does my TAS2R38 genotype mean I am a supertaster?
While TAS2R38 variants are a major factor in PTC/PROP sensitivity, the term 'supertaster' is a broader phenotype that can also be influenced by the density of fungiform papillae on the tongue. Your genotype explains a significant portion of your bitter sensitivity, but it is not the only factor.
Can I change my bitter taste sensitivity?
Your genetic sensitivity is determined at birth and cannot be changed. However, taste perception can be influenced by repeated exposure to certain foods and changes in your overall diet, which may alter your tolerance for bitter flavors over time.
Should I use this test to plan my diet?
Genetic testing for taste receptors is primarily for educational interest. You should not use this information to restrict your diet; instead, focus on a balanced intake of nutrients and consult a professional if you have specific dietary concerns.
Is this variant linked to diabetes?
Some research suggests a link between TAS2R38 variants and glucose metabolism, but the evidence is not sufficient to use this variant as a predictor for diabetes. Always discuss metabolic concerns with your doctor.
Sources & further reading
Educational information only, last refreshed 10/5/2026. Not medical advice — these associations describe population statistics, not individual predictions.
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A functional variant in the TAS2R38 gene that, as part of a three-SNP haplotype, determines the ability to taste bitter compounds like PTC.
Val262Ala substitution in TAS2R38 forming the middle polymorphic site of the classic AVI/PAV taste sensitivity haplotype.
One of the three classical missense variants defining the PAV bitter taster haplotype for phenylthiocarbamide and cruciferous vegetables.
Key missense polymorphism contributing to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP) bitter taste taster status.
Functional marker affecting bitter taste perception of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC).
A key SNP in the TAS2R38 gene (part of the PAV/AVI haplotype) determining sensitivity to bitter compounds like PTC and PROP.