IL1RL1 rs10505104: What Your Genotype Means
The rs10505104 variant is a single nucleotide polymorphism located within the IL1RL1 gene. It is statistically associated with variations in soluble ST2 protein levels and susceptibility to allergic sensitization.
What each genotype means
Typical soluble ST2 levels
You carry two copies of the C allele at rs10505104 in the IL1RL1 gene. In genetic association studies, this baseline genotype is associated with typical circulating soluble ST2 (sST2) levels and standard baseline susceptibility to allergic sensitization. These findings reflect modest population-level trends and do not diagnose or predict allergic disorders.
Carried by approximately 70% to 75% of individuals of European descent and is the predominant genotype across most global populations.
Modestly altered sST2 levels
You carry one copy of the T allele at rs10505104 in the IL1RL1 gene. Published research links this variant allele to modest differences in circulating soluble ST2 levels and subtle shifts in the likelihood of allergic sensitization. Because the scientific evidence is limited and complex, this single variant only contributes a minor statistical effect to overall immune traits.
Carried by approximately 25% of individuals of European descent, with varying frequencies across other ancestral groups.
Altered soluble ST2 levels
You carry two copies of the less common T allele at rs10505104. In genomic research, this genotype has been evaluated for associations with differences in soluble ST2 protein concentrations and altered susceptibility to allergic sensitization. The clinical significance of this genetic signal remains limited, as complex immune responses depend heavily on many other genes and environmental factors.
Carried by approximately 2% to 3% of individuals of European ancestry and is uncommon globally.
Understanding the rs10505104 Variant
The rs10505104 variant is a specific genetic change, or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), located within the IL1RL1 gene on human chromosome 2. In genomics, a SNP represents a variation at a single position in the DNA sequence among individuals. This particular variant is categorized as a trait-associated marker. While it is frequently studied in the context of immune function, it is important to note that the presence of this variant does not directly cause a disease. Instead, researchers use such markers to identify statistical correlations between specific DNA sequences and biological traits, such as the concentration of certain proteins in the blood or the likelihood of developing allergic responses. Because this variant is located in a region of the genome involved in immune regulation, it has become a focus for scientists investigating how genetic differences contribute to the diversity of human immune responses.
The Role of the IL1RL1 Gene
The IL1RL1 gene provides instructions for producing a protein known as ST2, which is a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family. This protein acts as a receptor for interleukin-33 (IL-33), a signaling molecule that plays a critical role in the body's immune system. The IL1RL1 gene is unique because it produces two main forms of the ST2 protein: a transmembrane receptor (ST2L) that sits on the surface of cells to receive signals, and a soluble form (sST2) that circulates in the blood. The soluble form acts as a 'decoy' receptor, binding to IL-33 and preventing it from activating the cell-surface receptor. By balancing these two forms, the body regulates the intensity of type 2 immune responses, which are involved in allergic inflammation, asthma, and tissue repair. Variations in the IL1RL1 gene can influence how much of these proteins are produced, thereby modulating the body's sensitivity to environmental triggers.
Research and Evidence Strength
Current research into rs10505104 indicates that the evidence linking this variant to specific clinical outcomes is currently limited. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified correlations between variants in the IL1RL1 locus and traits like allergic sensitization and the measurement of soluble ST2 protein in the blood, these findings are statistical in nature. The strength of the evidence is considered limited because the biological mechanism by which this specific SNP influences protein levels is complex and may involve interactions with other genetic and environmental factors. Furthermore, many studies on IL1RL1 variants have been conducted in specific ancestral populations, meaning that the observed associations may not be universal. As with many trait-associated variants, the findings represent a starting point for scientific inquiry rather than a definitive diagnostic tool. Further research is required to fully understand the functional impact of this variant across diverse human populations.
What This Information Means for You
It is important to understand that genetic variants like rs10505104 are common and are part of the natural variation found in the human genome. Having a particular genotype at this position does not mean you will develop an allergy or any specific immune-related condition. Genetic associations are probabilistic, not deterministic, and they are only one small piece of a much larger puzzle that includes your environment, lifestyle, and overall health history. You cannot use this information to diagnose yourself or predict future health outcomes. If you are concerned about allergies, asthma, or other immune-related symptoms, the most effective approach is to consult with a qualified healthcare provider or an allergist. They can perform clinical evaluations that are far more accurate than genetic testing alone. Never make changes to your health regimen or medication based on genetic data without first discussing it with your clinician or pharmacist.
How common is this variant?
The rs10505104 variant has a minor allele frequency (MAF) of approximately 0.15 in European populations, indicating that it is a relatively common genetic variation.
Frequently asked questions
Is rs10505104 a cause of allergies?
No, rs10505104 is not a direct cause of allergies. It is a genetic marker that has been statistically associated with allergic sensitization in some studies, but genetics is only one of many factors that influence allergy risk.
Can I use this SNP to predict my risk of asthma?
No, you cannot use this SNP to predict your risk of asthma. Asthma is a complex condition influenced by many genes and environmental factors, and this variant does not provide a diagnostic or predictive result.
What does the IL1RL1 gene do?
The IL1RL1 gene produces the ST2 protein, which helps regulate the body's immune response to inflammation. It acts as a receptor for IL-33 and plays a role in how the immune system reacts to allergens.
Should I change my medication based on this result?
No. You should never change your medication or treatment plan based on genetic information. Always discuss any concerns about your health or medications with your doctor or pharmacist.
Sources & further reading
Educational information only, last refreshed 9/12/2026. Not medical advice — these associations describe population statistics, not individual predictions.
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