TAS2R38 rs713597: Understanding Your Bitter Taste Genetics
The rs713597 variant is a genetic change within the TAS2R38 gene, which encodes a receptor responsible for detecting bitter compounds. This variant is widely studied for its role in determining an individual's sensitivity to bitter tastes, such as those found in certain vegetables and chemical compounds.
What each genotype means
High bitter taste sensitivity
You carry two copies of the C allele encoding proline at position 49, which is the primary component of the functional 'PAV' bitter-tasting haplotype in TAS2R38. Research shows individuals with this genotype generally perceive bitter thiourea compounds and glucosinolates found in cruciferous vegetables (like broccoli, kale, and Brussels sprouts) as intensely bitter. While this sensitivity often influences dietary preferences in children and young adults, evidence of its direct effect on overall vegetable consumption in adult populations remains mixed across different ancestry groups.
Carried by roughly 25% to 35% of individuals globally, though frequencies vary across different ancestral backgrounds.
Intermediate bitter taste sensitivity
You carry one taster allele (C) and one non-taster allele (G), typically corresponding to a heterozygous 'PAV/AVI' diplotype. People with this genotype generally experience an intermediate or moderate perception of bitter substances like PTC, PROP, and naturally occurring glucosinolates compared to non-tasters and homozygous tasters. In population research, dietary habits and vegetable preferences among heterozygous carriers show substantial overlap with both homozygous groups.
Carried by approximately 45% to 50% of people globally, representing the most common genotype.
Reduced bitter taste sensitivity
You carry two copies of the G allele encoding alanine at position 49, characterizing the non-taster 'AVI' haplotype of the TAS2R38 receptor. In laboratory and sensory studies, individuals with this genotype typically cannot perceive the sharp bitterness of synthetic compounds like PTC or PROP and report reduced bitterness from glucosinolate-containing vegetables. Studies evaluating whether this genotype directly increases green vegetable consumption show limited and conflicting results depending on the population examined.
Carried by roughly 18% to 25% of individuals across European, Asian, and other global populations.
What is the rs713597 Variant?
The rs713597 variant is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located within the TAS2R38 gene. This gene provides instructions for creating a specific G protein-coupled receptor found on the surface of taste cells. The variant is a missense mutation, meaning it results in a change to the amino acid sequence of the receptor protein. This structural alteration can change how the receptor interacts with various bitter-tasting molecules. Because this receptor is expressed not only in the tongue but also in other tissues like the gut, researchers are interested in how this specific genetic change might influence broader physiological processes beyond just the initial sensation of taste. It is one of several variants in this gene that collectively define how strongly a person perceives bitterness.
The Role of the TAS2R38 Gene
The TAS2R38 gene is part of a large family of genes that allow humans to detect bitter substances. Evolutionarily, this ability served as a protective mechanism, helping our ancestors identify potentially toxic plants or spoiled food. The receptor encoded by TAS2R38 is particularly sensitive to compounds like phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP), as well as glucosinolates found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and kale. When these compounds bind to the receptor, they trigger a signal that the brain interprets as a bitter taste. Beyond the mouth, recent research has identified TAS2R38 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, specifically in cells that secrete hormones like GLP-1. This suggests that the gene may play a role in how the body processes nutrients and regulates blood sugar levels after a meal.
Research and Associations
Scientific research has established a strong link between TAS2R38 variants and the intensity of bitter taste perception. Individuals with certain genotypes are often classified as 'tasters' or 'non-tasters' based on their sensitivity to bitter compounds. While the evidence for its role in taste is robust, associations with other health outcomes are more complex. Some studies have explored links between TAS2R38 genotypes and dietary habits, body mass index, and even susceptibility to certain infections. More recently, researchers have investigated whether these variants influence postprandial glucose levels, suggesting that the receptor's presence in the gut might affect metabolic health. However, it is important to note that these associations are often influenced by many other genetic and environmental factors. Consequently, the evidence for these broader health impacts is considered limited, and more research is needed to fully understand the clinical significance.
Population Frequency
The TAS2R38 gene exhibits significant genetic diversity across different human populations. The specific alleles associated with bitter taste sensitivity are common globally, though their exact frequencies vary by ancestry. For the rs713597 variant, the minor allele frequency is approximately 0.46 globally, indicating that both versions of the gene are prevalent in many populations. This high level of variation suggests that the ability to taste bitter compounds has been subject to different evolutionary pressures in various environments. Because these alleles are so common, it is very typical for individuals to carry a mix of different genotypes, contributing to the wide range of taste sensitivities observed in the general population.
What This Information Means for You
Understanding your genotype for rs713597 can provide insight into why you might find certain foods, such as bitter vegetables, more or less palatable than others. It is a fascinating look into your sensory biology. However, it is crucial to remember that this information is not a medical diagnosis. While some research suggests potential links to metabolic traits like blood glucose regulation, these findings are based on statistical associations in large groups and do not predict individual health outcomes. You should never use this information to make changes to your diet or medical care without consulting a healthcare professional. If you have concerns about your diet, weight, or metabolic health, please discuss them with your doctor or a registered dietitian who can provide personalized guidance based on your overall health profile.
How common is this variant?
The rs713597 variant is common globally, with a minor allele frequency of approximately 0.46, meaning the different genotypes are widely distributed across diverse ancestral populations.
Frequently asked questions
Does my TAS2R38 genotype mean I am a 'supertaster'?
While TAS2R38 is a major factor in bitter taste, the term 'supertaster' is a broader sensory phenotype that can be influenced by many other genes and the density of taste buds on your tongue. Your genotype explains part of your sensitivity, but it is not the only factor.
Can I change my bitter taste sensitivity?
Your genetic makeup is fixed, but your perception of taste can be influenced by repeated exposure to certain foods and your overall dietary habits. While you cannot change your genes, your palate can adapt to different flavors over time.
Is this variant linked to type 2 diabetes?
Recent research has explored whether TAS2R38 variants influence blood glucose regulation, but this is an area of ongoing study. There is no evidence that this variant alone causes diabetes, and you should consult a doctor for any concerns regarding your metabolic health.
Should I change my diet based on my TAS2R38 results?
No. Genetic results should not be used to make medical or dietary changes without professional advice. Always speak with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian before making significant changes to your nutrition.
Sources & further reading
Educational information only, last refreshed 10/19/2026. Not medical advice — these associations describe population statistics, not individual predictions.
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A functional variant in the TAS2R38 gene that, as part of a three-SNP haplotype, determines the ability to taste bitter compounds like PTC.
Val262Ala substitution in TAS2R38 forming the middle polymorphic site of the classic AVI/PAV taste sensitivity haplotype.
One of the three classical missense variants defining the PAV bitter taster haplotype for phenylthiocarbamide and cruciferous vegetables.
Key missense polymorphism contributing to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP) bitter taste taster status.
Functional marker affecting bitter taste perception of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC).
A key SNP in the TAS2R38 gene (part of the PAV/AVI haplotype) determining sensitivity to bitter compounds like PTC and PROP.